How to become an Astronaut

An astronaut is a professional who is trained rigorously to command, pilot, conduct experiments on space stations, or operate as a crew member on a spacecraft. They are pilots that travel across the spacecraft to various space bodies along with their other crew members for exploration and research. There are various purposes for the astronauts to travel among which is the research and development, understanding the various aspects of the universe, astronomy, astrophysics, and beyond, working on new interpretations and research projects pertaining to which they also aim to bring new learnings and discoveries to the people regarding the space.

The career of an astronaut entails various missions going to the space. So, when they are on their respective missions, their responsibilities involve various aspects as ensuring that the purpose of the mission is served, trying to bring out new findings or growth in the already going on research projects, and that the spacecraft and the crew are safe. Astronauts do work travel into the space, work while in space along with the times when they are on the earth, and live there probably for a long time for various research purposes.

Although they spend a lot of time in the space, the primary aspect of their work is to research thoroughly while being on earth. They spend majority of their time working on the new discoveries, physical related aspects surrounding the knowledge of the space and its relationship with the earth, then, in preparing for their space missions - in classroom learning, and research labs, etc. They also tend to practice in simulation environments and exercising. The training and responsibilities of the astronaut differ with each mission.

Different positions of an astronaut include commander, pilot, flight engineer, payload commander, mission specialist, and science pilot. Some famous Indian Astronauts who made our country proud are Kalpana Chawla and Ravish Malhotra.

An Astronaut's tasks on a spacecraft shall vary according to their position, ranging from a commander leading the spacecraft to a pilot controlling the motion and position. However, typically, the roles and responsibilities of an Astronaut include the following:

• To work alongside scientists on various research projects related to space and assist in developing the design of the project
• To conduct tests and scientific experiments in a microgravity environment 
• To notify and report any emergency situations including malfunction of equipment, potential hazards, medical emergencies as well as responding to such situations according to established protocol 
• To communicate with the mission control towers for coordination in the process of takeoff, landing, docking etc
• To work on the regular maintenance of the space station/ spacecraft by checking support systems, conducting repairs, cleaning filters when necessary
• To transport, install, test new hardware  and systems for the space station as well as retrieve damaged systems for proper disposal
• To coordinate operations with regards to the spacecraft in order to keep it functional and livable 
• To maintain a thorough log of all the activities and eventualities related to the spacecraft
• To exercise regularly for a stipulated amount of time in order to prevent muscle mass loss and to withstand the harsh conditions of their stay in space

Astronauts need certain skill sets and strong professional abilities to be able to become an astronaut and represent science to the the entire world. To inculcate such abilities and skills, it is important for the professionals to get through the selection process for training, get their appropriate job posts and make themselves prepared enough to make space travel. The aspirants must have impeccable language and communication skills along with having good non-verbal skills as well. They should also have strong and sharp observation skills and mental endurance.

Psychological health and physical fitness are both crucial for this job. Therefore, keeping themselves mentally healthy, emotionally strong and physically fit is one of the mandatory requirements for these professionals. They should also have extensive knowledge of the relevant subjects, sharpening their scientific scrutiny. A satisfactory medical history, normal blood pressure, and perfect visual acuity are some of the other requirements needed to become an astronaut with ISRO.

An astronaut needs to be skilled at multitasking though having wonderful attention span, and to be able to do well in working with a team These professionals are supposed to be highly disciplined and committed to their role. An aspiring astronaut should have outstanding knowledge of mathematics, physics, experimental science, and engineering skills. They should also be able to work well under immense pressure, and even under uncertainties. All of these aspects would come handy if the individual is very resilient at heart, great in conducting themselves and focused enough to be unbothered about the other happening occurring at earth. This kind of mental endurance is required to function wonderfully and effectively as an astronaut.

Some of the other skills that are important to uphold the qualities of an astronaut are enough patience, endurance and through practice of both, the theoretical and practical skills of their professional field and subjects. This career makes an individual absolutely able and skilled at their work, however, they also demand the person that comes to become an astronaut to be already skilled at the basics or the raw understanding of the initial subjects in this field.

The salary of an "Astronaut" can vary significantly based on factors such as the astronaut's country of origin, the space agency they belong to, their experience, and the specific missions they are involved in.

• Minimum Monthly Salary: The monthly salary for astronauts can range from approximately INR 2,00,000 to INR 5,00,000 or more.
• Maximum Monthly Salary: The monthly salary for astronauts can also vary widely, with some astronauts earning around INR 10,00,000 to INR 25,00,000 or more per month. 
• Annual Salary: The annual salary of an astronaut can range from approximately INR 24,00,000 to INR 60,00,000 or more.
• Highest Paying Job and Scope: The highest paying job for astronauts is, of course, being an astronaut! Astronauts have the unique opportunity to travel to space, conduct experiments in microgravity, and contribute to scientific research and exploration. The scope for astronauts is boundless as space agencies and private space companies worldwide continue to push the boundaries of space exploration.

To enroll in a bachelors program it is essential for the aspiring candidate to clear entrances like-

• JEE Advanced
• JEE Mains 

Also, there are many Educational Institutes that conduct their own entrance tests.  

• Government Agency
• Private Agencies
• MNCs
• Research & Development
• Space Center
• NASA
• ISRO